海南大学学报(社会科学版)

作为资本主义社会演进过程中的理论反映，乌托邦主义和马克思主义哲学对现存社会进行了深刻批判。在探讨新社会可能性的同时，它们也批判了旧社会。然而，两者在理论基础和实践路径上存在显著差异。乌托邦主义可被视作“革新的科学”，而马克思主义哲学则跃升为“革命的科学”。首先，乌托邦主义仅是一种“想象的现实”，而马克思主义哲学则是“现实的想象”。其次，乌托邦主义对现实的批判缺乏彻底性，而马克思主义哲学通过“批判的批判”深化了对社会矛盾的分析，并指出了社会变革的方向。最后，乌托邦主义倾向具体描绘未来社会的图景，而马克思主义哲学则通过对唯物史观和政治经济学的批判，强调方法论的重要性，从而实现了社会主义由空想向现实的转化。在当前的理论探讨中，重新审视乌托邦主义与马克思主义哲学的联系与区别，对于解构意识形态的迷雾、驳斥“历史终结论”等观点，具有重要的理论价值。

Utopianism and Marxist philosophy, as the theoretical reflections in the evolutionary process of capitalist society, deeply criticize the existing society, exploring the possibility of a new society while criticizing the old one. However, there are significant differences in their theoretical foundations and practical paths. Utopianism can be regarded as a "science of innovation" while Marxist philosophy has been elevated to a "science of revolution". First, utopianism is only an "imagined reality" while Marxist philosophy is a "realistic imagination". Second, utopianism's critique of reality lacks thoroughness while Marxist philosophy deepens the analyses of social contradictions and points out the direction of social change through "critical critique". Finally, utopianism tends to paint a concrete picture of the future society, whereas Marxist philosophy emphasizes the importance of methodology, and achieves the transformation of socialism from a fantasy to the reality through the critique of materialist conception of history and political economy. In the current theoretical discussion, reexamining the connection and difference between utopianism and Marxist philosophy is of great theoretical value to deconstruct the fog of ideology and refuse such views as the "final conclusion of history".